fltk-rs

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Rust bindings for the FLTK Graphical User Interface library.

The fltk crate is a cross-platform lightweight gui library which can be statically linked to produce small, self-contained and fast gui applications.

Resources:

Why choose FLTK?

Here is a list of software using FLTK. For software using fltk-rs, check here.

Usage

Just add the following to your project’s Cargo.toml file:

[dependencies]
fltk = "^1.4"

To use the latest changes in the repo:

[dependencies]
fltk = { version = "^1.4", git = "https://github.com/fltk-rs/fltk-rs" }

Or if you have other depenendencies which depend on fltk-rs:

[dependencies]
fltk = "^1.4"

[patch.crates-io]
fltk = { git = "https://github.com/fltk-rs/fltk-rs" }

To use the bundled libs (available for x64 windows (msvc & gnu (msys2-mingw)), x64 & aarch64 linux & macos):

[dependencies]
fltk = { version = "^1.4", features = ["fltk-bundled"] }

The library is automatically built and statically linked to your binary.

An example hello world application:

use fltk::{app, prelude::*, window::Window};

fn main() {
    let app = app::App::default();
    let mut wind = Window::new(100, 100, 400, 300, "Hello from rust");
    wind.end();
    wind.show();
    app.run().unwrap();
}

Another example showing the basic callback functionality:

use fltk::{app, button::Button, frame::Frame, prelude::*, window::Window};

fn main() {
    let app = app::App::default();
    let mut wind = Window::new(100, 100, 400, 300, "Hello from rust");
    let mut frame = Frame::new(0, 0, 400, 200, "");
    let mut but = Button::new(160, 210, 80, 40, "Click me!");
    wind.end();
    wind.show();
    but.set_callback(move |_| frame.set_label("Hello World!")); // the closure capture is mutable borrow to our button
    app.run().unwrap();
}

Please check the examples directory for more examples. You will notice that all widgets are instantiated with a new() method, taking the x and y coordinates, the width and height of the widget, as well as a label which can be left blank if needed. Another way to initialize a widget is using the builder pattern: (The following buttons are equivalent)

use fltk::{button::Button, prelude::*};
let but1 = Button::new(10, 10, 80, 40, "Button 1");

let but2 = Button::default()
    .with_pos(10, 10)
    .with_size(80, 40)
    .with_label("Button 2");

An example of a counter showing use of the builder pattern:

use fltk::{app, button::Button, frame::Frame, prelude::*, window::Window};
fn main() {
    let app = app::App::default();
    let mut wind = Window::default()
        .with_size(160, 200)
        .center_screen()
        .with_label("Counter");
    let mut frame = Frame::default()
        .with_size(100, 40)
        .center_of(&wind)
        .with_label("0");
    let mut but_inc = Button::default()
        .size_of(&frame)
        .above_of(&frame, 0)
        .with_label("+");
    let mut but_dec = Button::default()
        .size_of(&frame)
        .below_of(&frame, 0)
        .with_label("-");
    wind.make_resizable(true);
    wind.end();
    wind.show();
    /* Event handling */
    app.run().unwrap();
}

Alternatively, you can use Flex (for flexbox layouts), Pack or Grid:

use fltk::{app, button::Button, frame::Frame, group::Flex, prelude::*, window::Window};
fn main() {
    let app = app::App::default();
    let mut wind = Window::default().with_size(160, 200).with_label("Counter");
    let mut flex = Flex::default().with_size(120, 140).center_of_parent().column();
    let mut but_inc = Button::default().with_label("+");
    let mut frame = Frame::default().with_label("0");
    let mut but_dec = Button::default().with_label("-");
    flex.end();
    wind.end();
    wind.show();
    app.run().unwrap();
}

Another example:

use fltk::{app, button::Button, frame::Frame, group::Flex, prelude::*, window::Window};

fn main() {
    let app = app::App::default();
    let mut wind = Window::default().with_size(400, 300);
    let mut col = Flex::default_fill().column();
    col.set_margins(120, 80, 120, 80);
    let mut frame = Frame::default();
    let mut but = Button::default().with_label("Click me!");
    col.fixed(&but, 40);
    col.end();
    wind.end();
    wind.show();

    but.set_callback(move |_| frame.set_label("Hello world"));

    app.run().unwrap();
}

Events

Events can be handled using the set_callback method (as above) or the available fltk::app::set_callback() free function, which will handle the default trigger of each widget(like clicks for buttons):

    /* previous hello world code */
    but.set_callback(move |_| frame.set_label("Hello World!"));
    another_but.set_callback(|this_button| this_button.set_label("Works"));
    app.run().unwrap();

Another way is to use message passing:

    /* previous counter code */
    let (s, r) = app::channel::<Message>();

    but_inc.emit(s, Message::Increment);
    but_dec.emit(s, Message::Decrement);
    
    while app.wait() {
        let label: i32 = frame.label().parse().unwrap();
        if let Some(msg) = r.recv() {
            match msg {
                Message::Increment => frame.set_label(&(label + 1).to_string()),
                Message::Decrement => frame.set_label(&(label - 1).to_string()),
            }
        }
    }

For the remainder of the code, check the full example here.

For custom event handling, the handle() method can be used:

    some_widget.handle(move |widget, ev: Event| {
        match ev {
            Event::Push => {
                println!("Pushed!");
                true
            },
            /* other events to be handled */
            _ => false,
        }
    });

Handled or ignored events using the handle method should return true, unhandled events should return false. More examples are available in the fltk/examples directory.

For an alternative event handling mechanism using an immediate-mode approach, check the fltk-evented crate.

Theming

FLTK offers 5 application schemes:

(Additional theming can be found in the fltk-theme crate)

These can be set using the App::with_scheme() method.

let app = app::App::default().with_scheme(app::Scheme::Gleam);

Themes of individual widgets can be optionally modified using the provided methods in the WidgetExt trait, such as set_color(), set_label_font(), set_frame() etc:

    some_button.set_color(Color::Light1); // You can use one of the provided colors in the fltk enums
    some_button.set_color(Color::from_rgb(255, 0, 0)); // Or you can specify a color by rgb or hex/u32 value
    some_button.set_color(Color::from_u32(0xffebee));
    some_button.set_frame(FrameType::RoundUpBox);
    some_button.set_font(Font::TimesItalic);

For default application colors, fltk-rs provides app::background(), app::background2() and app::foreground(). You can also specify the default application selection/inactive colors, font, label size, frame type, scrollbar size, menu line-spacing. Additionally the fltk-theme crate offers some other predefined color maps (dark theme, tan etc) and widget themes which can be loaded into your application.

Build Dependencies

Rust (version > 1.63), CMake (version > 3.15), Git and a C++17 compiler need to be installed and in your PATH for a cross-platform build from source. Ninja is recommended, but not required. This crate also offers a bundled form of fltk on selected x86_64 and aarch64 platforms (Windows (msvc and gnu), MacOS, Linux), this can be enabled using the fltk-bundled feature flag as mentioned in the usage section (this requires curl and tar to download and unpack the bundled libraries).

For Debian-based GUI distributions, that means running:

sudo apt-get install libx11-dev libxext-dev libxft-dev libxinerama-dev libxcursor-dev libxrender-dev libxfixes-dev libpango1.0-dev libgl1-mesa-dev libglu1-mesa-dev

For RHEL-based GUI distributions, that means running:

sudo yum groupinstall "X Software Development" && sudo yum install pango-devel libXinerama-devel libstdc++-static

For Arch-based GUI distributions, that means running:

sudo pacman -S libx11 libxext libxft libxinerama libxcursor libxrender libxfixes pango cairo libgl mesa --needed

For Alpine linux:

apk add pango-dev fontconfig-dev libxinerama-dev libxfixes-dev libxcursor-dev mesa-gl

For NixOS (Linux distribution) this nix-shell environment can be used:

nix-shell --packages rustc cmake git gcc xorg.libXext xorg.libXft xorg.libXinerama xorg.libXcursor xorg.libXrender xorg.libXfixes libcerf pango cairo libGL mesa pkg-config

Runtime Dependencies

Also note that most graphical desktop environments already have these libs already installed. This list can be useful if you want to test your already built package in CI/docker (where there is no graphical user interface).

Features

The following are the features offered by the crate:

FAQ

please check the FAQ page for frequently asked questions, encountered issues, guides on deployment, and contribution.

Building

To build, just run:

git clone https://github.com/fltk-rs/fltk-rs --recurse-submodules
cd fltk-rs
cargo build

Currently implemented types:

Image types:

Widgets:

Drawing primitives

(In the draw module)

Surface types:

GUI designer

fltk-rs supports FLUID, the RAD wysiwyg designer for FLTK. Checkout the fl2rust crate and fl2rust template.

Examples

To run the examples:

cargo run --example editor
cargo run --example calculator
cargo run --example calculator2
cargo run --example counter
cargo run --example hello_svg
cargo run --example hello_button
cargo run --example fb
cargo run --example pong
cargo run --example custom_widgets
cargo run --example custom_dial
...

Using custom theming and also FLTK provided default schemes like Gtk:

Different frame types which can be used with many different widgets such as Frame, Button widgets, In/Output widgets…etc.

More interesting examples can be found in the fltk-rs-demos repo. Also a nice implementation of the 7guis tasks can be found here. Various advanced examples can also be found here.

Themes

Additional themes can be found in the fltk-theme crate.

And more…

Extra widgets

This crate exposes FLTK’s set of widgets, which are all customizable. Additional custom widgets can be found in the fltk-extras crate.

image

image

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Tutorials

More videos in the playlist here. Some of the demo projects can be found here.